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The Second Avenue Subway (officially the IND Second Avenue Line; abbreviated to SAS) is a future New York City Subway line that has been proposed since the late 1910s. Since 2007, Phase I, a new line between the existing BMT 63rd Street Line and 96th Street and Second Avenue, has been under construction beneath Second Avenue in the New York City borough of Manhattan. This first phase is scheduled to open on December 30, 2016, and will serve about 200,000 daily riders. When the whole line is completed, it is projected to serve about 560,000 daily riders. By August 2015, the first phase of construction was more than 84% complete. The line was originally proposed in 1919 as part of a massive expansion of the as-yet-unbuilt Independent Subway System (IND). Work on the line never commenced, as the Great Depression crushed the economy of the state and country. In anticipation of the never-built Second Avenue Subway, the Second and Third Avenue elevated lines were demolished in 1942 and 1955, respectively, and the Lexington Avenue Subway, the only remaining rapid transit line on much of Manhattan's east side, is by far the busiest subway line in the United States with an estimated 1.3 million daily riders. Other plans for the Second Avenue Subway appeared for many years following; construction on small parts of the line started in the 1970s, but was never completed. After several starts and interruptions, mostly because of lack of funds, the most recent and financially secure construction plan was launched when a tunnelling contract was awarded to the consortium of Schiavone/Shea/Skanska (S3) by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) on March 20, 2007. This followed preliminary engineering and a final tunnel design completed by a joint venture between AECOM and Arup. Parsons Brinckerhoff is the Construction Manager of the project. This contract, and the full funding grant agreement with the Federal Transit Administration, which was received in November 2007, is for Phase I of the project, consisting of of tunnel and three stations that cost $4.45 billion. The total cost of the line is expected to exceed $17 billion. A ceremonial ground-breaking for the Second Avenue Subway was held on April 12, 2007. The contractor prepared the initial construction site at 96th Street on April 23, 2007. The tunnel boring machine launch box was completed in May 2010, and on May 14, MTA's contractors completed the TBM installation and turned it on. On March 28, 2011, S3, having completed the west tunnel to 65th Street, began drilling for the east tunnel, which completed its run to the 63rd Street station's bellmouth on September 22, 2011. == Initial attempts == From 1919 through the 1980s, several different entities came up with many distinct plans for the Second Avenue subway line that were never carried out. The complex reasons for these delays are why the line is sometimes called "The Line That Time Forgot".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Second Avenue Subway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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